（英文原文在下面）
资料来源：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8J4wl9eUe4
Dr. Judy and Kyle's
注意力缺陷多动障碍是一种个体可能有很多关于注意力的症状，难以集中注意力，或者同时也可能有多动和冲动的情况。这是一种发育障碍，意味着一些症状会在儿童时期出现，尽管对很多人来说，他们能够在一定程度上控制，直到他们长大，日常生活的任务需求变得更大的时候。
如果你只是偶尔有注意力不集中，但实际上并没有损害你的功能，而且你对此也没有那么痛苦，那么你就无法真正获得多动症的诊断。成人多动症的患病率相对来说是儿童多动症的50%。因此，全国性研究表明，儿童期多动症约占成年期人口的5%，即2.5。因此，大约50%的人在18岁时从多动症中康复，然后50%的人继续在成年后出现症状。我认为一个很大的误解是，出于某种原因，多动症看起来是一样的，因为在成年后，多动症的过度活跃和冲动特征看起来非常不同。作为一个孩子，孩子在教室里跑来跑去，从座位上爬起来，这真的是非常不遵守规则的行为，你知道这会引起一些负面的关注，而这通常是老师们要与他们斗争并与家长交谈的时候。他们可能仍然有这种不安，但作为成年人，我们对自己的行为有了更多的控制，所以我们不会在知道不应该乱跑的时候到处乱跑。但你可能只是觉得很不安，所以有时你会看到一些人非常紧张地敲击桌子或桌子，这可能是成年期合并多动症的表现形式。
当你真的有多动症的临床特征时，情况就大不相同了，在成年人中，有很多情绪调节障碍，他们更难忍受挫折——他们可能没有那么多耐心，他们可能更难提前计划和组织自己。所以他们总是觉得头脑很混乱。再说一次，这不仅仅是周期性的忙碌一天或一周，这是一种持续不断的事情，实际上会影响你的生活质量，甚至可能损害人际关系。事实上，成年后多动症最大的抱怨之一是他们的关系很困难，无论是与朋友还是伴侣，因为如果你想象的那样，如果你没有真正照顾你的伴侣，你会不断地要求重复，而你的伴侣会对你说你从来不听我的，你从来没有把注意力集中在我身上感到非常不耐烦。因此，这可能会给他们的关系带来很多困难。
多动症最常见的合并症是抑郁症，因此这在文献中已经得到了很好的证实，发生在患有儿童多动症和成年多动症的人身上。由于人们被诊断患有多动症而导致学校资金不足。他们也开始产生焦虑。因此，这是另一个常见的共同发生的问题，焦虑几乎是多动症的次要问题，通常是因为他们的多动症让他们感到无能，然后他们开始有表现焦虑和不足感，这会增加这些焦虑症状，最终成为临床症状。
还有一部分多动症儿童和成年人会遇到药物问题，因此患有多动症的人以后使用药物的风险往往更高。他们往往比同龄人更早地尝试药物，成年后，他们在药物使用方面往往会遇到更多困难。我认为另一个非常重要的相关因素是，患有多动症的成年人比普通人群有更高的自杀意念风险。因此，他们更容易出现多种不同类型的心理问题，除此之外，他们还经常与其他类型的学习障碍合并。再说一遍，有时很难从学习障碍中解脱出来，这真的是它自己的障碍，或者学习困难是否真的来自多动症。它源于这样一个事实，即他们无法集中注意力，因此到了一定的年龄或某个特定的年龄，他们还无法获得应有的信息。
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a condition where individual might have a lot of attention symptoms where they have difficulty focusing or they might also at the same time have hyperactivity and impulsive. It’s a developmental disorder means that some symptoms have to be present in childhood although for a lot of people they are able to sort of manage until they get older and the task demands of everyday life become greater.
If you just have inattentiveness occasionally but it doesn’t actually impair your functioning and you are not that distressed about it then you are not really going to quality for that diagnosis of ADHD. Adulthood ADHD is relatively at 50% of the prevalence rate as childhood ADHD. So national studies have shown that ADHD in childhood is about 5% of the population in adulthood it’s two and a half. So roughly 50% of people recover from ADHD by the time they hit the age of 18, and then 50% go on to continue to suffer symptoms in their adulthood and I think a big misconception is that it looks the same for some reason because it doesn’t in adulthood ADHD the hyperactive and impulsive features look very different. As a child the child’s running around the classroom getting out of their seats really being very rule not abiding, you know which causes some negative attention and that’s usually when the teachers are going to fight them and talk to the parents. It’s all hood they may still have that restlessness but as adults we are a bit more controlled in terms of our behavior so we are not going to be running around when we know we are not supposed to. But you might just feel really fidgety and so sometimes you see individuals like tapping very nervously on the desk or on the table, and that may be a manifestation of an adulthood form of combined ADHD.
When you actually have the clinical features of ADHD it is very different and in an adult there’s a lot of emotional dysregulation going on to have a harder time tolerating frustration they may have a lot less patience, it may be a lot harder for them to plan ahead and to organize themselves. So they feel very disorganized and jumbled in their head all the time. And again this is not just periodically you’ve got a busy day or a week, this is something that’s persistent that keeps coming up that actually does cut into your quality of life and possibly even impairs relationships. In fact one of the biggest complains of adulthood ADHD is difficulty in their relationships whether it’s with friends or romantic partners because if as you might imagine if you are not really attending to your partner you are constantly asking for repetition and your partner it gets very impatient with you saying you never listen to me, you are never focusing on me. So it can cause a lot of difficulties in terms of their relationships.
The most common co-occurring disorder with ADHD is depression so that’s been something that’s pretty well-established and in the literature that happens to people who have childhood ADHD as well as adulthood ADHD. As a result of people underforming school because they are diagnosed with ADHD. They start to develop anxiety as well. So that’s another common co-occurring issue and the anxiety is almost secondary to the ADHD oftentimes because their ADHD makes them feel incompetent and so then they start to have performance anxiety zand feeling of inadequacy that then add on to those anxiety symptoms that eventually become clinical. There is also a subset of ADHD children and adults that experience substance issues and so individuals with ADHD tend to have a higher risk for substance use later. They tend to try substances earlier than their peers and as adults they tend to have more difficulties with substance use. I think another really important correlating factor is that adults with ADHD have a higher risk for suicidal ideation than the average population. So they are more at risk for a number of different types of psychological issues and on top of that they are also oftentimes comorbid with other types of learning disabilities. And again sometimes it is hard to tease out of the learning disability is really its own disorder or if the learning difficulties really come from the ADHD. It originates from the fact that can’t pay attention so they haven’t been able to take in the kind of information they should have by a certain age or by a certain.
编写于：2023/6/2 7:38:48
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（英文原文在下面）
资料来源：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8J4wl9eUe4
Dr. Judy and Kyle's
注意力缺陷多动障碍是一种个体可能有很多关于注意力的症状，难以集中注意力，或者同时也可能有多动和冲动的情况。这是一种发育障碍，意味着一些症状会在儿童时期出现，尽管对很多人来说，他们能够在一定程度上控制，直到他们长大，日常生活的任务需求变得更大的时候。
如果你只是偶尔有注意力不集中，但实际上并没有损害你的功能，而且你对此也没有那么痛苦，那么你就无法真正获得多动症的诊断。成人多动症的患病率相对来说是儿童多动症的50%。因此，全国性研究表明，儿童期多动症约占成年期人口的5%，即2.5。因此，大约50%的人在18岁时从多动症中康复，然后50%的人继续在成年后出现症状。我认为一个很大的误解是，出于某种原因，多动症看起来是一样的，因为在成年后，多动症的过度活跃和冲动特征看起来非常不同。作为一个孩子，孩子在教室里跑来跑去，从座位上爬起来，这真的是非常不遵守规则的行为，你知道这会引起一些负面的关注，而这通常是老师们要与他们斗争并与家长交谈的时候。他们可能仍然有这种不安，但作为成年人，我们对自己的行为有了更多的控制，所以我们不会在知道不应该乱跑的时候到处乱跑。但你可能只是觉得很不安，所以有时你会看到一些人非常紧张地敲击桌子或桌子，这可能是成年期合并多动症的表现形式。
当你真的有多动症的临床特征时，情况就大不相同了，在成年人中，有很多情绪调节障碍，他们更难忍受挫折——他们可能没有那么多耐心，他们可能更难提前计划和组织自己。所以他们总是觉得头脑很混乱。再说一次，这不仅仅是周期性的忙碌一天或一周，这是一种持续不断的事情，实际上会影响你的生活质量，甚至可能损害人际关系。事实上，成年后多动症最大的抱怨之一是他们的关系很困难，无论是与朋友还是伴侣，因为如果你想象的那样，如果你没有真正照顾你的伴侣，你会不断地要求重复，而你的伴侣会对你说你从来不听我的，你从来没有把注意力集中在我身上感到非常不耐烦。因此，这可能会给他们的关系带来很多困难。
多动症最常见的合并症是抑郁症，因此这在文献中已经得到了很好的证实，发生在患有儿童多动症和成年多动症的人身上。由于人们被诊断患有多动症而导致学校资金不足。他们也开始产生焦虑。因此，这是另一个常见的共同发生的问题，焦虑几乎是多动症的次要问题，通常是因为他们的多动症让他们感到无能，然后他们开始有表现焦虑和不足感，这会增加这些焦虑症状，最终成为临床症状。
还有一部分多动症儿童和成年人会遇到药物问题，因此患有多动症的人以后使用药物的风险往往更高。他们往往比同龄人更早地尝试药物，成年后，他们在药物使用方面往往会遇到更多困难。我认为另一个非常重要的相关因素是，患有多动症的成年人比普通人群有更高的自杀意念风险。因此，他们更容易出现多种不同类型的心理问题，除此之外，他们还经常与其他类型的学习障碍合并。再说一遍，有时很难从学习障碍中解脱出来，这真的是它自己的障碍，或者学习困难是否真的来自多动症。它源于这样一个事实，即他们无法集中注意力，因此到了一定的年龄或某个特定的年龄，他们还无法获得应有的信息。
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a condition where individual might have a lot of attention symptoms where they have difficulty focusing or they might also at the same time have hyperactivity and impulsive. It’s a developmental disorder means that some symptoms have to be present in childhood although for a lot of people they are able to sort of manage until they get older and the task demands of everyday life become greater.
If you just have inattentiveness occasionally but it doesn’t actually impair your functioning and you are not that distressed about it then you are not really going to quality for that diagnosis of ADHD. Adulthood ADHD is relatively at 50% of the prevalence rate as childhood ADHD. So national studies have shown that ADHD in childhood is about 5% of the population in adulthood it’s two and a half. So roughly 50% of people recover from ADHD by the time they hit the age of 18, and then 50% go on to continue to suffer symptoms in their adulthood and I think a big misconception is that it looks the same for some reason because it doesn’t in adulthood ADHD the hyperactive and impulsive features look very different. As a child the child’s running around the classroom getting out of their seats really being very rule not abiding, you know which causes some negative attention and that’s usually when the teachers are going to fight them and talk to the parents. It’s all hood they may still have that restlessness but as adults we are a bit more controlled in terms of our behavior so we are not going to be running around when we know we are not supposed to. But you might just feel really fidgety and so sometimes you see individuals like tapping very nervously on the desk or on the table, and that may be a manifestation of an adulthood form of combined ADHD.
When you actually have the clinical features of ADHD it is very different and in an adult there’s a lot of emotional dysregulation going on to have a harder time tolerating frustration they may have a lot less patience, it may be a lot harder for them to plan ahead and to organize themselves. So they feel very disorganized and jumbled in their head all the time. And again this is not just periodically you’ve got a busy day or a week, this is something that’s persistent that keeps coming up that actually does cut into your quality of life and possibly even impairs relationships. In fact one of the biggest complains of adulthood ADHD is difficulty in their relationships whether it’s with friends or romantic partners because if as you might imagine if you are not really attending to your partner you are constantly asking for repetition and your partner it gets very impatient with you saying you never listen to me, you are never focusing on me. So it can cause a lot of difficulties in terms of their relationships.
The most common co-occurring disorder with ADHD is depression so that’s been something that’s pretty well-established and in the literature that happens to people who have childhood ADHD as well as adulthood ADHD. As a result of people underforming school because they are diagnosed with ADHD. They start to develop anxiety as well. So that’s another common co-occurring issue and the anxiety is almost secondary to the ADHD oftentimes because their ADHD makes them feel incompetent and so then they start to have performance anxiety zand feeling of inadequacy that then add on to those anxiety symptoms that eventually become clinical. There is also a subset of ADHD children and adults that experience substance issues and so individuals with ADHD tend to have a higher risk for substance use later. They tend to try substances earlier than their peers and as adults they tend to have more difficulties with substance use. I think another really important correlating factor is that adults with ADHD have a higher risk for suicidal ideation than the average population. So they are more at risk for a number of different types of psychological issues and on top of that they are also oftentimes comorbid with other types of learning disabilities. And again sometimes it is hard to tease out of the learning disability is really its own disorder or if the learning difficulties really come from the ADHD. It originates from the fact that can’t pay attention so they haven’t been able to take in the kind of information they should have by a certain age or by a certain.
编写于：2023/6/2 7:38:48
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